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Monday, May 25, 2020

Genetically Inherited Diseases - 2257 Words

Introduction: Chromosomes are long structures that are made up of DNA and proteins called histones. They are found in the Chromatin material in the nucleus and mitochondira. During the process â€Å"Crossing over† where there is the mutual exchange of genes in the pieces of chromosomes that causes variation in offspring, however this is where mutations commonly occur. If a parent has either a faulty gene or a missing gene, the child is usually at high risk of being diagnosed with the disorder or may be a carrier. Definition of a genetically inherited disease: â€Å"A genetic disease or disorder is the result of changes, or mutations, in an individual’s DNA. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that make up a gene† When a gene is mutated or is not present, its protein product can no longer carry out its normal function, and thus disorder or genetically inherited disease can occur. ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (ADL) Description: Adrenoleukodystrophy (also known as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, ALD, X-ALD, adrenomyeloneuropathy, Siemerling-Creutzfeldt disease, or Bronze Schilder disease) is a progressive type of a genetically inherited disease that can cause damage to the myelin sheath, spinal cord and white matter in the central nervous system. When affected with ADL your body cannot break down very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), causing high levels of saturated VLCFA’s to build up in the brain, nervous system, adrenal glands and Leydig cells in the testes. The childhoodShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prions the Proteinacious Killer1061 Words   |  5 Pagesit various diseases, or spongiform encephalopathies. Various forms of these diseases have been found in many animal species, including humans. The actual means by which PrPSc propagates itself remains unknown but scientists believe the modified protein alters the normal protein molecules. The diseases may be contracted in a variety of ways. They may be genetically inherited, acquired by contamination, or occur sporadically on their own. All forms, however, are fatal. The Prion Diseases: SeveralRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is Responsible And Manipulating The Genes Of An Organism1707 Words   |  7 Pagesengineer one’s children genetically, but technological advancements in the medical and scientific fields have allowed this as a possible option for potential parents. Genetic engineering is controlling and manipulating the genes of an organism. Genetic engineering is usually used to improve the organism’s functions; these organisms are known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetic engineering is commonly used for the food industry. One benefit that results from genetically modified foods is theRead MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 Pagessuch if the signals are missing, cells replicate excessively and mutate, forming a tumour, and later, a primary cancer (American cancer society 2014). Figure 1.1. Mutation of the DNA leads to severe diseases such as cancer. (Midhath 2012) Mutation are abnormal changes in the DNA of a gene (Figure 1.1 above) (Midhath 2012). The building block of DNA are called sequences of bases, which determine the gene and its functions (American Cancer SocietyRead MoreWhat Are Ivf Or Pgd? Ivf? Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesof: 1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 2. Comparative Genome Hybridisation (CGH) 3. Fluorescence In Stu Hybridisation (FISH) PCR looks at a certain gene that may be an inherited family trait or disorder. An amplification of this specific gene identifies if any mutation is present in the foetus. PCR can find any genetically inherited mutation as long as the location of the gene is known, however it is extremely sensitive to contamination . Because couples seeking IVF have x10 greaterRead MoreGenetically Modified Babies Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe future of genetically modified children could be closer than we think. Children born through mitochondrial replacement therapy are named ‘three parent babies’ due to the contribution of nuclear DNA from the father, nuclear DNA from the mother, and mitochondrial DNA from a donor (Hayden, 2008). For many people this concept illustrates several ethical issues and there have been suggestions of it being a type of genetic engineering for ‘designer babies’ and a negative eugenic practice (Collins,Read MoreGenetic Engineering : Technology, Equipment, And Experimentation Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagescould involve taking out the gene from another organism’s genome and combine it with the DNA of the other individual, this will enable the genetically modified human to express the trait, coded by the new gene. More and more scientists are eager to explore this particular field of science and this brings one of the most contentious topics of all time, genetically engineering humans. Initially, if genetic engineering were to take place the enhancements would be minor, but how far will society actuallyRead MoreThe Sickle Of Sickle Cell Disease921 Words   |  4 PagesSickle Cell Disease, also referred to as SCD, is a genetically inherited disease that causes abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in red blood cells. This disease currently affects about 90,000-100,000 Americans, a majority being African-American. Because SCD is genetically inherited, it is not contagious. It is inherited when both parents of a child carry the sickle cell trait, also called SCT. SCT and SCD are not the same. In SCT, the person is generally healthy and doesRead MoreBenefits And Dilemmas Of Human Twin Studies1071 Words   |  5 Pagesregard to a certain condition, they have a hard time because they cannot generally get p eople with the same genes. This is where twin studies come in. Twins studies are part of the method used in behaviour genetics, which includes all data that are genetically informative. E.g. siblings, adoptees, pedigree data etc. Researchers use this method to estimate the heritability of traits and to quantify the effect of a person s shared environment (family) and unique environment (the individual events thatRead MoreGaucher Disease Types I, II, IIi869 Words   |  4 PagesGaucher Disease Types I, II, III Gaucher Disease is a type of lysosomal storage disorder. The importance is that they are meant to keep everything in order. Lysosomes are microscopic organelles that have a primary function to serve as digestion compartments. According to Davidson, (1) â€Å"lysosomes help break down many different materials such as fats, proteins, waste products, and more to transfer those compounds to become new cell building materials†. Consequentially, making lysosomes an importantRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 Pages This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methods for gene transfer are biological and electromechanical. â€Å"Early experiments all involved changing DNA using b acterial vectors†(Randerson, 2001). Through other advances scientists proclaim

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